Ebc22
résumés
/ abstracts
F. Regard, Point de vue |
Le critique pris au piège; "Song
of a Rat" de Ted Hughes (A.
Nesme)
La présente étude se propose comme une alternative à certaines lectures qu'a engendrées Song of a Rat, dont la littérarité a été quelque peu oblitérée par une idéologie tendant à figer le signifiant poétique en archétype. Après avoir examiné la sémiosis du franchissement à l'uvre dans ce texte, et en particulier la transition du visible au visionnaire qui s'y opère, j'aborde la dynamique de l'expropriation, moteur structural de ce poème où interviennent diverses substitutions: du poème comme cri au rat qu'il évoque, du poème comme piège à regard au dispositif même qui maintient le rat captif, et enfin de la dépouille mortelle de l'animal au piège qui l'enserre. Celle-ci s'avère être en effet tout au plus un simulacre laissé en pâture au critique-Cerbère gardien du sens archétypal, qui se retrouve floué de sa plus-value symbolique par les tensions rythmiques d'un texte excluant toute assignation du sens à résidence.
Blinding contradiction: le féminin à
l'uvre dans les récits de William Golding (C.
Fort)
Cet article interroge la représentation du féminin dans les
récits de William Golding, placée sous le signe de la
"contradiction". La "blinding contradiction" formalisée par le discours
de représentation, placé sous le contrôle de narrateurs
masculins, instaure par la "diction" rhétorique des dyptiques
féminins remis en cause lorsque les personnages prennent la parole.
La posture herméneutique des narrateurs se voit critiquée ou
court-circuitée par la voix féminine, qui en dévoile
les postulats sexuels. Cette voix opère alors une contre-diction,
où la signifiance prime sur la signification, le symptôme sur
le symbole, pour dissoudre par le cri ou le brouillage les efforts des
héros constructeurs de signes. L'économie de la diction le
cède à la dépense du dire, que Golding tient pour
essentielle de son activité
d'écrivain.
Blinding contradictions: the representation of the feminine in William Golding's novels
This article means to question the representation of the feminine in William Golding's novels through the concept of "contradiction", which can be given three different values. The representation of women as "blinding contradictions" is a construction of the male narrators who resort to rhetoric "diction" to create feminine dyptichs. These are displaced as the female characters accede to speech. The male hermeneutic posture is then criticized or disrupted by the female voice, which uncovers its sexual dimension. The voice thus appears as "contra-diction", a dissolving force that privileges significance to meaning, symptom to symbol, and dilutes the efforts of the sign-building heroes. The economy of diction yields to the sheer acting-out of speech, which Golding knew was essential to his task as a writer.
Faux départs et vrais vertiges: The Unconsoled de Kazuo Ishiguro (P. Veyret)
The Unconsoled a pour toile de fond une ville anonyme d'Europe centrale. Le narrateur, un célèbre, pianiste nommé Ryder, est censé y donner un concert et en même temps aider les citoyens à résoudre une crise tout aussi grave que vaguement définie. Il s'agit d'un roman fait de faux-départs : narrateur et lecteur semblent se retrouver régulièrement dans les impasses de la métafiction postmoderne. Mais point de faux-départ pour Ishiguro : le roman est articulé autour de la problématique de la nostalgie, de la rétrospection et de l'ironie du malentendu. Mais avant tout l'atmosphère surréaliste et parfois burlesque subvertissent le récit réaliste de manière vertigineuse.
The Unconsoled is set in an anonymous Central European city. The narrator,
Ryder, a world-famous artist, is supposed to give a performance and help
me local citizens come to terms with a serious and ill-defined crisis. This
novel is about false starting points: the narrator, together with the reader,
seems to end up constantly in the dead ends of postmodern metafiction. Yet
this is no literary cul-de-sac for Ishiguro: the novel relies on the same
problematic of nostalgia, retrospection and the irony of misunderstandings.
But most of ail the surrealistic and sometimes burlesque atmosphere blend
with Ishiguro's own giddying subversion of realist
writing.
The narrative of mourning in Kazuo Ishiguro's non-Japanese novels (D. Vinet)
When We Were Orphans was intended by Ishiguro as a somewhat didactic attempt
at rewording The Unconsoled but it seems that in so doing Ishiguro turned
back to a canon he had set in The Remains of the Day in an effort to shoulder
again the burden of memory. The three novels deal with the nostalgic yearning
for a historic past that hasn't been experienced by the writer: the rise
of nationalism, but at a deeper level, what is most striking in the three
novels is the evolution in the narrative voice, which shows a comeback of
Stevens in the latest novel. The three narrators share a common sense of
commitment that defies all ideologies, and feeds on a narcissistic wound
that can only be healed by bereavement. Anamnesis is the only way out of
their delusion but Ryder is the one that cannot make his escape, which leaves
the reader with an unpleasant feeling of incompleteness. A particular place
is devoted to the narrative voices since they show Ishiguro's attempt at
bringing the reader into the heart of the mental process metaphorized by
his characters.
Le récit du deuil dans les romans non-japonais de Kazuo
Ishiguro
Avec When We Were Orphans, Ishiguro a tenté de façon quelque peu didactique de donner une nouvelle version plus abordable de The Unconsoled. Il semble pourtant qu'en reprenant le thème de l'anamnèse, l'auteur renoue avec une norme qu'il avait élaborée dans The Remains of the Day. Les trois romans traitent du retour nostalgique à la montée du nationalisme que l'auteur n'a pas connu, mais c'est l'évolution de la voix narrative qui retiendra notre attention en ce qu'elle montre une résurgence de celle de Stevens dans le dernier roman. Les trois narrateurs partagent un sens de l'engagement qui défie toute idéologie et se nourrit d'une blessure narcissique qui ne peut guérir que par le deuil. L'anamnèse est le seul moyen de s'arracher à l'illusoire mais Ryder est le seul qui ne peut y échapper, ce qui laisse au lecteur une désagréable impression d'incomplétude. Une place spéciale est réservée aux voix narratives dans la mesure où elles montrent comment Ishiguro tente d'amener le lecteur au cur du processus mental subi ou plutôt métaphorisé par ses personnages.
Doubles féminins, doubles masculins, "double solitude" dans The Golden Notebook de Doris Lessing (A.-L. Brevet)
In The Golden Notebook (1962), Anna Wulf and Saul Green's experience as a couple of fictitious novelists ultimately presents a two-faced picture of loneliness in which both characters, who isolated themselves behind closed doors for absolute confrontation, came to reflect each other through writing. While undergoing the disruption and splitting of their parallel personalities into a series of textual doubles, the protagonists played an ever-changing game of roles whereby they expressed similar self-conscious creativeness. Indeed, the story of the relationship between Anna and Saul related in the last part of the novel is not so much aimed at describing a woman's struggle against male chauvinism as to represent and polarize the inner tension generated by self-referential writing in order to oppose the masculine and feminine sides of a double-faced subject. The woman writer represented in this novel appears to be isolated in her fantasy world - her enduring solitude enables her to create analogous characters, male or female, who always amount to a mirror-image of herself.
Peter Fleming : le voyage sans la rencontre (G. Destot)
As Peter Fleming himself agrees, travelling in the twentieth century no longer
enjoys the kind of respectability it used to enjoy when explorers went abroad
to widen common knowledge, and incidentally the British Empire. There are
probably few objective facts left to be unearthed in the nineteen-thirties.
The modern traveller's only alibi then is to go and discover his own identity
and to measure its value, as well as to re-examine his own values. On the
background of Abroad, he might see how his self holds in front of radical
otherness. This would suppose of course that Abroad, and the "others", actually
retain enough of their quality of strangeness, of unfamiliarity, to offer
to the self meaningful, potentially destabilising encounters. But Peter Fleming
uses, in his travel narratives, literary devices that neutralise in a large
measure strangeness and unfamiliarity, leading to an impression that in these
narratives, and perhaps in the actual travels they describe, no real encounters
take place.
Beckett:
contrer la supposition (C.
Bonafous-Murat)
It is well-known that Beckett's texts are mil of contradictions that stall the novels or the plays even before they have started. However, little critical attention seems to have been paid to the logical procedures with which the author experiments in order to get round those contradictions and infuse his texts with a little dynamism or on the contrary to bring them back to a complete standstill. Supposition, as it projects the characters and narrators onto a less formal plane, enables them to make up stories, often very complicated ones, which may get the texts moving for a time. Yet, supposition is also the means by which plays and novels alike can be led back into a stalemate position. Ranging across a fairly wide variety of texts, including "Assumption", Beckett's first short story ever, this article aims at demonstrating that supposition can both create and deactivate fiction.
And Now For Something Completely Different: Contradiction and Aesthetic Experience (R. Shustennan)
The purpose of this paper is to ask a number of relatively simple questions connected to the concept of contradiction which has been chosen as the theme of this conference. I examine the role of contradiction, and of several related concepts, in the theory and practice of literature, notably through a famous sketch by the Monty Pythons. To what extent is literary art, or perhaps art in general, based on or grounded in an aesthetics of contradiction? Is contradiction in and of itself an aesthetic value or in some way the truth of art? What draws us to these questions and to the theme of contradiction is, in fact, a vague poststructuralist orthodoxy which inevitably connects language and/or "Being" to negativity, absence, disruption and so on. On the contrary, I defend a distinction between the nature of the represented content and the nature of the aesthetic experience it provokes. In other words, the presence of agôn in art does not prove that agôn is the reality of our daily experience.
"And Now for Something Completely Different...": la contradiction et l'expérience esthétique
Mon objectif est de remettre en question la notion de "contradiction", choisie comme thème du congrès. J'examine en particulier le rôle de la contradiction et de quelques notions annexes dans la théorie et la pratique de la littérature, notamment à travers l'étude d'un sketch célèbre des Monty Python. L'art littéraire et l'art en général seraient-ils essentiellement déterminés par une esthétique de la contradiction ? Faut-il affirmer que la contradiction est en elle-même une valeur esthétique ? Serait-elle la vérité de tout art ? Ce qui inspire ce genre de problématique et ces interrogations se trouve dans une vague orthodoxie poststructuraliste selon laquelle le langage et "l'être" se fondent dans la négativité, l'absence et l'agôn. Je propose, au contraire, de défendre une distinction entre la nature du contenu représenté par une uvre d'art et l'expérience que l'uvre provoque en elle-même. La présence de l'agôn dans une uvre d'art ne prouve pas qu'elle est la réalité de notre expérience quotidienne.